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LMS Stanier Class 5 45110

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Add other Black 5s on SVR metals
[[File:{{Infobox black steam loco|image = 45110_20131006.jpg |caption = 45110 at Highley|construc = Vulcan Foundry, Newton-le-Willows|wheels = 4-6-0|rating = 5MT|status = Out of service|locono = 45110|othernos = 5110|designed = William Stanier|locotype = '''Black Five'''|built = 1935|years1 = 1970|events1 = Arrived on SVR in working order|years2 = 1971|events2 = Named "R.A.F. Biggin Hill"|years3 = 1980|events3 = Withdrawn for overhaul|years4 = 1998|events4 = Reentered service|years5 = 2008|events5 = Withdrawn for overhaul|thumblength = 63ft 7&frac34;"|200pxweight = 72t 4cwt|rightpower = 25,455 lb| pressure = 225 lb/sq in}}'''45110 ''' is an '''LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0''' mixed traffic locomotive, the type being commonly known as the '''Black Five'''. It was one of the very last steam locomotives to be used by BR, ending its working life at Lostock Hall Shed, Preston, from where it worked the return portion of the 'Fifteen Guinea Special', the last steam passenger service run by British Railways. ==LMS Stanier Class 5==LMS CME William Stanier had previously worked for the GWR. One of his first designs for the LMS was the Class 5 2-6-0 '[[42968|Stanier Mogul]]', of which forty were built between October 1933 and March 1934. Realising the need for larger locomotives, he went on to develop the Stanier Class 5 4-6-0. This shared a number of design features with the GWR's equivalent [[4930|Hall class]], including the cylinder arrangement (two outside), internal boiler design and size and 6-foot driving wheel diameter.  The Stanier Class 5 was an immediate success when introduced into service in 1934. It was a mixed traffic locomotive that could handle anything from express passenger traffic to goods trains. 842 were built between 1934 and 1951, more than any other class of locomotive before or since. Over half of those were built by contractors (100 by the Vulcan Foundry and 327 by Armstrong Whitworth), with the rest built at the LMS works at Crewe, Derby and Horwich. They were never painted any colour but black, originally earning them the nickname "Black Staniers".<ref group="note">A similar nickname "Red Staniers" was given to Stanier's other 4-6-0 Class locomotives, the Jubilees, which carried LMS crimson livery at Highleythat time.</ref> Following nationalisation they were classified 5MT by British Railways (with the nickname accordingly becoming "Black 5") and quickly became used throughout the country. The design of the British Railways Standard Class 5 was largely based on the Black 5. Locomotives of the class visited [[Bewdley]] on bank holiday excursions under BR.<ref>[[List of film and TV productions filmed on the Severn Valley Railway#Documentary|'Roundabout Revisited' (BBC 1961)]] showed 44966 and an unidentified classmate.</ref> Eighteen Black Fives have been preserved. Sister locomotive [[LMS Stanier Class 5 45000|LMS 5000]] was resident on the SVR between 1977 and 1991 while on loan from the NRM. [[LMS Stanier 5MT 44871|44871]] was [[Steam Locomotives hired by the SVR|hired by the SVR]] to operate the 2012 [[Christmas services|Santa Specials]] and New Year festive services. The latter and three other classmates have [[Steam Locomotives visiting the SVR for galas|visited the SVR for galas]].  
==45110 in Service==
The LMS 45110 was one of the third batch of Stanier Class 5 5s ordered by the LMS. It was an immediate success when introduced into built by the Vulcan Foundry as works number 4653 of 1934 and entered service at Holyhead in 1934June 1935 as LMS 5110. It was a mixed traffic locomotive that could handle anything from From there it worked express passenger traffic and freight trains to goods Chester, Crewe, Birmingham, London, Manchester and Liverpool, and local trainsto Bangor, Llandudno Junction, Rhyl and Chester. 842 were built<ref name=SVR18>SVR News 18, more than any other class of locomotive before or since"''STANIER CLASS 5 No. 45110''"</ref>  Following nationalisation, and they worked 5110 was [[Locomotive numbering|renumbered as 45110 by BR]] in 1949. Although Black 5s were regularly exchanged between depots all over the LMS (and post-nationalisation the wider BR network), 45110 remained allocated to Holyhead for almost 29 years, a remarkable record of service at one depot. Following nationalisation they were classified 5MT by British Railways Type 4 diesels eventually spread to the North Wales coast area in the 1960s, with a consequential run down of steam, and in March 1964 45110 was reallocated to Stafford depot where, as one of three Black 5s based there, it was regularly seen on freight workings to Bescot and the Black Country, and also on passenger services to Birmingham and quickly Shrewsbury.<ref name=SVR18/> After Stafford closed to steam, 45110 was transferred to Bolton in July 1965 as part of the 'last stand' of steam in the north west. There it became used throughout a favourite at the countryshed and was first choice for a Williams Deacon's Bank Club railtour on 17 March 1968, during which it variously double-headed with 70013 ''Oliver Cromwell'', 45447 and 4472 ''Flying Scotsman''. They were never painted any colour The locomotive, which had been kept exceptionally clean by a Bolton enthusiast,<ref group="note">The source article did not name the enthusiast who cleaned 45110, but blackhe was presumably a member of the [[Master Neverers Association]].</ref> was again requested for the "North West Tour" railtour on 20 April 1968, jointly organised by the [[Manchester Rail Travel Society]] and the [[Severn Valley Railway Society]]. On this occasion 45110 as pilot and 44949 worked the first steam leg of the tour from Stockport to Stalybridge via Buxton.<ref name=SVR18/> 45110 was transferred to Lostock Hall during July 1968.<ref>[https://www.brdatabase.info/locoqry.php?action=locodata&type=S&id=446003453&loco=5110 45110] on BRDatabase</ref> On 21 July it was involved in another railtour, the Roch Valley Railway Society "Manchester - Southport Steam Excursions" (the railtour's objective being to travel between the two named towns via four different routes), working the final leg solo from Southport back to Manchester. It worked its last 'ordinary' passenger train on 29 July, earning them deputising for a diesel on the nickname ‘Black 5s’08.15 Preston-Windermere return working. The return trip was worked tender first as Windermere turntable had been removed the previous day! It then worked its last freight on 1 August, the 19:14 Colne-Preston parcels.<ref name=SVR18/>  The last 'official' steam-hauled passenger train run by BR was a 'farewell to steam' special on 11 August 1968, 8 days after regular steam services had ended. The design special train '1T57' became known as the 'Fifteen Guinea Special' after the price of tickets. 45110 took the train from Liverpool to Manchester, from where 70013 Oliver Cromwell continued to Carlisle. Two other Black 5s (44781 and 44871) began the return leg, while the honour of the British Railways Standard Class 5 was based final return to Liverpool fell to 45110, which thereby entered history as the last BR-owned standard gauge steam locomotive to haul a service on the Black 5national network.
<gallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">File:LMS 5MT 45110 was built by the Vulcan Foundry as works number 4653/1934, and entered service in June 1935 as LMS 5110Barton Moss 15 Gns Spcl 11. Following nationalisation it was renumbered as 45100 by BR in 1949, and it was one of the very last steam locomotives still in use by BR when it finished its working life at Lostock Hall Shed, Preston08. The last ‘official’ train run by BR was a ‘farewell to steam’ special on 11 August 1988, 8 days after regular steam services had ended. The special train ‘1T57’ became known as the ‘Fifteen Guinea Special’ after the price of tickets68 edited-2. jpg | 45110 took hauling the train from Liverpool to Manchester, from where 70013 Oliver Cromwell continued to Carlisle. Two other Black 5s 15 Guineas Special (44781 and 44871Wikimedia Commons) began the return leg, while the honour of the final return to Liverpool fell to 45110, which thereby entered history as the last BR-owned standard gauge steam locomotive to haul a service on the national network.</gallery>
==45110 in preservation==
===First boiler ticket===
45110 was initially saved for preservation by "[[List of preservation groups#Preservation groups formerly associated with the SVR|The Stanier Black 5 Locomotive Preservation Society]]", mainly through fund raising efforts of its President Mr David Porter, Principal of the “Flairavia Flying Club” at Biggin Hill Civil Airport. On 8 January 1969 the locomotive was hauled 'dead' from Lostock Hall to Clapham Sidings. Three days later 45110 was moved again to a temporary home at the privately rented former BR Ashford shed. There it was worked on by members of the Flying Club and steamed on several open days, during one of which it first carried temporary name plates bearing the name ''R.A.F. Biggin Hill''.<ref name=SVR18/>
<gallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">
File:Black Five 45110 at Ashford Steam Centre (02).JPG | 45110 at Ashford (Wikimedia Commons)
</gallery>
 
It became clear that a new home for the locomotive at a heritage railway was needed and Mr Porter considered the SVR to be the most suitable. 45110 left Ashford on 17 August 1970, being hauled dead to Bescot on 19 August. There the motion was reattached and a fire lit, so when the locomotive arrived at Bewdley on 20 August 1970, it continued to Bridgnorth under its own steam. Minimum work was required before 45110 entered service on Sunday 20 September 1970.<ref name=SVR18/> A naming ceremony was held on 12 September 1971, at which the locomotive was formally named ''R.A.F. Biggin Hill''.<ref>SVR News 21</ref>
David Porter (who was also associated with [[417 Invicta]]) became a Director of SVR(H) when it was first established in late 1972.<ref>SVR News 26</ref> On 11 August 1973, with his agreement, 45110 arrived took part in a Derby Litchurch Lane Carriage Works "Open Day". The locomotive travelled there and back in steam with [[LMS 24617 Corridor Composite]], [[LMS 26986 Brake Third Corridor]] and [[LMS 2886 Six-wheel Passenger Brake (later 32919)|Stove R 32919]], thereby becoming the first Severn Valley locomotive and rolling stock to work unassisted on the BR network in preservation.<ref>SVR News 29</ref> The move also resulted in the locomotive leaving facing south and returning facing north, thus becoming only the second locomotive on 20 August 1970 the SVR to work facing in working order each direction.<ref>SVR News 115, "North and entered service there South before the same year. It has seen service regularly sinceTurntable", including working Quentin Haigh</ref><ref group="note">[[The Severn Valley Railway on the main line | main line excursions46443]]arrived facing south but returned from an open day at Tyseley in September 1969 facing north, the only locomotive to be turned before the SVR opened.</ref>
During 1975 45110 was one of the locomotives used in the filming of [[The Seven-Per-Cent Solution]]. Shortly before that time 45110 was put up for sale, and although it was not SVR policy to own locomotives, the joint Boards decided that it should stay on the SVR if possible, so an exception was made and the purchase of 45110 was successfully negotiated.<ref>SVR News 37, p.3.</ref> The terms agreed were £19,000 with a 25% down payment and the balance payable over three years, subject to signature of the film contract. The decision caused great upset amongst members at the time, with threats of petitions being raised and membership cards torn up.<ref>SVR News 37, "The Unpopular Decision", David C Williams (Editor) p.35.</ref> 45110 was re-tubed in winter 1976-77. The following summer saw an unusual incident with the locomotive is currently being derailed by a lump of coal in the yard at Bridgnorth.<ref>SVR News 43, 44</ref> Winter 1977-78 saw further maintenance including repairs to the back of the tender and a new smokebox,<ref>SVR News 47, 48</ref> while winter 1978-79 included a visit to Tyseley for tyre turning. Usage in 1979 was limited to just 7 days in steam by the need for further repairs to the tender.<ref>SVR News 52, 53, 55</ref>  On 17 May 1980 the SVR hosted two incoming main line rail tours through to Bridgnorth on the same day, with SVR locomotives hauling the carriages between Bewdley and Bridgnorth. 45110 worked the Bridgnorth departure of the ITV Railtour Society's returning charter to Southampton, on the occasion of the announcement that "''The next service will call at Bewdley, Basingstoke, Winchester, Eastleigh and Southampton. Change at Bewdley for Leeds, Keighley, Haworth and Oxenhope.''"<ref>SVR News 56</ref>. By autumn of that year the locomotive had been withdrawn from service after recording 21,185 miles in use and was then stored awaiting a place in the overhaul queue, which at the time comprised 8233, 46443, 4566, 47383 and 45110.<ref>SVR News 57</ref>  <div id="MainLine"></div> ===Second boiler ticket===The overhaul began in late 1986 but became a protracted and expensive affair. Milestones were reported as follows:*Winter 1986-87: the overhaul was under way with work mainly focussed on the tender. The boiler had also been lifted from the frames, and examination revealed that new pistons and valves would be required<ref>SVR News 82</ref>*Winter 1987-88: the boiler had been ''…all but completely dismembered, the copper box having been removed from the outer steel box''. The steel door plate was scrapped and a new one was to be manufactured by Pridhams.<ref>SVR News 86</ref>*Autumn 1990: the new steel doorplate had been delivered but progress on the boiler had stalled due to the theft of the inner copper door plate "''some years ago''". At the time, GM [[Michael Draper]] hoped for the overhaul to be complete in 1993 which would mark the 25th anniversary of the end of steam on BR.<ref>SVR News 97, 98</ref>.*Winter 1991-92: a new inner copper door plate had been delivered, and the decision had been taken to re-tyre the whole locomotive including the tender. Manufacture of a complete new tender body was almost complete.<ref>SVR News 101</ref>*Summer 1992: Work on the locomotive by the paid staff had recommenced and would "proceed as fast as money permits".<ref>SVR News 103</ref>*1994: By spring the overhaul was "''on the back burner again, due to financial restraints''". The boiler was still a kit of parts. Work had been carried out on the frames including optical alignment. The wheels had been re-tyred with profiling and journal turning completed at Bridgnorth. 45110's completed tender was to be paired with [[42968]] while the Stanier Mogul's own Fowler tender was rebuilt with a new tank and tyres.<ref>SVR News 110, 112</ref>*Summer 1995: Work continued "''at a snail's pace because of the limited finances that are available for it''"; however all the suspension items had been overhauled and the frames painted in top coat.<ref>SVR News 115</ref>*Spring 1996: springing had been completed and other parts had refitted as time permitted, although completion was still some way off because of the state of the boiler.<ref>SVR News 118</ref>*Winter 1996-97: 10 years after the overhaul had started, the rods and motion parts had been fitted including the valves and pistons. Cab platework and lubrication pipework was in progress.<ref>SVR News 121</ref>*Spring 1997: The 'bottom half' was almost complete although some smaller items were required as "…''we suspect over the years that these have been robbed to keep other LMS locos in service''." Reassembly of the boiler was in progress in the boiler shop.<ref>SVR News 122</ref>*Autumn 1997: the locomotive was close to being a rolling chassis although further work was required on the rear drag box. New parts which had been made by the paid staff included a blast pipe base, blast pipe, blower ring, ejector ring and chimney.<ref>SVR News 124</ref>The locomotive was eventually steamed successfully on 6 August 1998, with one month's running required before beginning work both on the SVR and the main line. [[Alun Rees]] summarised the overhaul as "Without any doubt, it has had one of the largest and most comprehensive repairs of any standard gauge locomotive in preservation". The return to steam coincided with the 30th anniversary of the end of steam on BR.<ref>SVR News 127</ref> 45110 made a number of main line appearances between September 1998 and May 2000 as follows: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"!Date!!Tour name !! Route !! Notes !! Web !!SVR News|-|26 Sep 1998||Rose of Shires || Bescot - York + return || || UKS ||129-13|-|17 Oct 1998||Blackpool Five || Shrewsbury-Blackpool + return || || UKS ||128-76|-|24 Oct 1998||Royal Duchy || Exeter - Plymouth-Newquay || D/H with 48773 || UKS ||129-12|-|31 Oct 1998||Stannary Staniers || Ealing Broadway-Penzance || D/H with 48773 || UKS |||-|07 Nov 1998||Staffordshire Terrier || Birmingham -Chester-Wolverhampton || || UKS ||128-76|-|14 Nov 1998||Colne Dee Express || Nottingham-Chester + return || || UKS |||-|28 Nov 1998||Lakes Express || Crewe-Shap-Carlisle + return || D/H with 45407 || UKS ||129-12|-|05 Dec 1998||Lincolnian || Dorridge-Lincoln + return || || UKS |||-|19 Dec 1998||Christmas Chester Chuffer || Birmingham Int'l-Chester + return || || UKS |||-|30 Jan 1999||Merseyman || Bescot-Crewe-Liverpool-Crewe-Walsall-Bescot || || UKS ||129-52|-|07 Mar 1999||Ynys Mon Express || Crewe-Holyhead + return || || UKS ||129-13|-|21 May 1999||Private Charter || Harrow-Amersham (2 trips) || || UKS |||-|22 May 1999||Steam on the Met || Amersham-Watford shuttles || || UKS |||-|23 May 1999||Steam on the Met || Amersham-Watford shuttles || || UKS |||-|29 May 1999||Steam on the Met || Amersham-Watford shuttles || || UKS |||-|30 May 1999||Steam on the Met || Amersham-Watford shuttles || || UKS |||-|31 May 1999||Steam on the Met || Amersham-Watford shuttles || || UKS ||130-38|-|15 Aug 1999||Mayflower || Bristol-Plymouth-Bristol || D/H with 45407, ran as scheduled || UKS |||-|02 Oct 1999||Welsh Dragon || Birmingham Int-Bescot- Llandrindod- Port Talbot-Newport || Driver Ray Churchill, Fireman Arthur Bromley|| UKS || 132-45|-|23 Oct 1999||Fishburn Flyer || Crewe-Carnforth-Crewe || To be confirmed || UKS |||-|13 Nov 1999||North Wales Venturer || Crewe-Holyhead-Crewe || To be confirmed || UKS |||-|11 Dec 1999||Midlander || Nuneaton-Lickey-Gloucester+return, Bromsgrove-Blackwell* || *80079 as banker || UKS ||132-46|-|18 Dec 1999||Christmas Chester Chuffer || Birmingham Int-Rugeley-Chester -Wrexham-Birmingham Int || || UKS, [http://www.sixbellsjunction.co.uk/90s/991812pr.htm Six Bells Junction] |||-|05 Feb 2000||Peak Forester || Derby - Buxton - Crewe || || [http://www.sixbellsjunction.co.uk/00s/000205pr.htm SBJ] |||-|27 May 2000||Laird of Stranraer Day 1 || Crewe - Carnforth (tender swap)-Glasgow || D/H with 45407. Borrowed tender from 48151 || [http://www.sixbellsjunction.co.uk/00s/000527pr.htm SBJ] |||-|29 May 2000||Laird of Stranraer Day 3 || Glasgow Central - WCML - Lockerbie Up Passenger Loop* || *Failed with leaking tubes (SBJ has date as 28th) || [http://www.sixbellsjunction.co.uk/00s/000527pr.htm SBJ] ||133-29|-|colspan="6"|<small>For further information on sources and references, see [[The Severn Valley Railway on the main line#SVR-based locomotives which hauled revenue-earning services on the main line | The Severn Valley Railway on the main line]]</small>|-|} In early 2002 45110 visited EWS at Toton for tyre turning.<ref>SVR News 140</ref> Spring 2003 saw all the small boiler tubes replaced and other work including a valve and piston re-bore, a cross-head refurbishment and repair to motion bushes.<ref>SVR News 142, 143, 144</ref> A second tyre turning was carried out in summer 2006.<ref>SVR News 154</ref> The second period of service lasted until late 2008, including a 6-month boiler ticket extension which enabled the locomotive to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the end of BR main line steam.  Following expiry of the second 'ticket', 45110 moved on loan to Barrow Hill Roundhouse for a period on static display there. In June 2010 45110's tender was returned from Barrow Hill for a second loan spell with Stanier Mogul 42968, whose Fowler tender had suffered major wheel flats.<ref>SVR News 176</ref> 45110 returned to the SVR in October 2013 and a few days later was moved into [[The Engine House]] while awaiting its next , taking the place of [[GWR 4930 Hagley Hall|4930 Hagley Hall]] which had moved to Bridgnorth for overhaul. On 4 August 2018 45110 was moved to Kidderminster to take part in the 'Last Days of Steam' event, marking the 50th anniversary of the 'end of steam' in the BR era. The locomotive then remained at Kidderminster where it is usually stored in [[Kidderminster Carriage Shed]]. It is remains owned by [[Severn Valley Railway (Holdings) PLC|SVR(H)]].<gallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">File:45110 20180804.jpg|45110 at Kidderminster, 4 August 2018File:45110 20180805.jpg|45110 at Kidderminster, 5 August 2018</gallery>
==See also==
*[[Steam Locomotives]]<br>*[[The Severn Valley Railway on the main line]]*[[SVR-based locomotives visiting other events]] ==Notes==<references group="note"/> ==References==<references/> ==Links==*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMS_Stanier_Class_5_4-6-0 LMS Stanier Class 5 on Wikipedia]*[http://www.sixbellsjunction.co.uk/60s/680317wd.html William Deacon's Bank Club (no tour name), 17 March 1968] on Six Bells Junction*[http://www.sixbellsjunction.co.uk/60s/680420bn.html Manchester Rail Travel Society / Severn Valley Railway Society North West Tour, 20 April 1968] on Six Bells Junction*[http://www.sixbellsjunction.co.uk/60s/680721st.html Roch Valley Railway Society Manchester - Southport Steam Excursions, 21 July 1968] on Six Bells Junction*[http://www.sixbellsjunction.co.uk/60s/680811ce.html Fifteen Guinea Special] on Six Bells Junction {{SteamNavbox}} [[Category: Rolling stock owned by SVR(H)]][[Category:Featured articles]]
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