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'''45110 ''' is an '''LMS Stanier 'Black Five' Class 5 4-6-0 ''' mixed traffic locomotive, the type being commonly known as the '''Black Five'''. It was one of the very last steam locomotives to be used by BR, ending its working life at Lostock Hall Shed, Preston, from where it worked the return portion of the ‘Fifteen 'Fifteen Guinea Special’Special', the last steam passenger service run by British Railways. ==LMS Stanier Class 5==LMS CME William Stanier had previously worked for the GWR. One of his first designs for the LMS was the Class 5 2-6-0 '[[42968|Stanier Mogul]]', of which forty were built between October 1933 and March 1934. Realising the need for larger locomotives, he went on to develop the Stanier Class 5 4-6-0. This shared a number of design features with the GWR's equivalent [[4930|Hall class]], including the cylinder arrangement (two outside), internal boiler design and size and 6-foot driving wheel diameter.  The Stanier Class 5 was an immediate success when introduced into service in 1934. It was a mixed traffic locomotive that could handle anything from express passenger traffic to goods trains. 842 were built between 1934 and 1951, more than any other class of locomotive before or since. Over half of those were built by contractors (100 by the Vulcan Foundry and 327 by Armstrong Whitworth), with the rest built at the LMS works at Crewe, Derby and Horwich. They were never painted any colour but black, originally earning them the nickname "Black Staniers".<ref group="note">A similar nickname "Red Staniers" was given to Stanier's other 4-6-0 Class locomotives, the Jubilees, which carried LMS crimson livery at that time.</ref> Following nationalisation they were classified 5MT by British Railways (with the nickname accordingly becoming "Black 5") and quickly became used throughout the country. The design of the British Railways Standard Class 5 was largely based on the Black 5. Sister locomotive [[LMS Stanier Class 5 45000|LMS 5000]] was resident on the SVR between 1977 and 1991 while on loan from the NRM.

The LMS 45110 was one of the third batch of Stanier Class 5 5s ordered by the LMS. It was an immediate success when introduced into built by the Vulcan Foundry as works number 4653 of 1934 and entered service at Holyhead in 1934June 1935 as LMS 5110. It was a mixed traffic locomotive that could handle anything from From there it worked express passenger traffic and freight trains to goods Chester, Crewe, Birmingham, London, Manchester and Liverpool, and local trainsto Bangor, Llandudno Junction, Rhyl and Chester. 842 were built<ref name=SVR18>SVR News 18, more than any other class of locomotive before or since"''STANIER CLASS 5 No. 45110''"</ref>  Following nationalisation, and they worked 5110 was [[Locomotive numbering|renumbered as 45110 by BR]] in 1949. Although Black 5s were regularly exchanged between depots all over the LMS (and post-nationalisation the wider BR network), 45110 remained allocated to Holyhead for almost 29 years, a remarkable record of service at one depot. Following nationalisation they were classified 5MT by British Railways and quickly became used throughout Type 4 diesels eventually spread to the North Wales coast area in the country. They were never painted any colour but black1960s, earning them the nickname ‘Black 5s’. The design with a consequential run down of the British Railways Standard Class 5 steam, and in March 1964 45110 was reallocated to Stafford depot where, as one of three Black 5s based there, it was regularly seen on freight workings to Bescot and the Black 5Country, and also on passenger services to Birmingham and Shrewsbury.<ref name=SVR18/>

After Stafford closed to steam, 45110 was built by the Vulcan Foundry as works number 4653/1934, and entered service transferred to Bolton in June 1935 July 1965 as LMS 5110. Following nationalisation it was renumbered as 45110 by BR in 1949, and it was one part of the very 'last stand' of steam locomotives still in use by BR when the north west. There it finished its working life became a favourite at Lostock Hall Shedthe shed and was first choice for a Williams Deacon's Bank Club railtour on 17 March 1968, during which it variously double-headed with 70013 ''Oliver Cromwell'', Preston45447 and 4472 ''Flying Scotsman''. The last ‘official’ train run locomotive, which had been kept exceptionally clean by BR was a ‘farewell to steam’ special on 11 August 1968Bolton enthusiast, 8 days after regular steam services had ended. <ref group="note">The special train ‘1T57’ became known as source article did not name the ‘Fifteen Guinea Special’ after the price enthusiast who cleaned 45110, but he was presumably a member of tickets. 45110 took the train from Liverpool to Manchester, from where 70013 Oliver Cromwell continued to Carlisle[[Master Neverers Association]]. Two other Black 5s (44781 and 44871) began </ref> was again requested for the return leg"North West Tour" railtour on 20 April 1968, while jointly organised by the honour of [[Manchester Rail Travel Society]] and the final return to Liverpool fell to [[Severn Valley Railway Society]]. On this occasion 45110, which thereby entered history as pilot and 44949 worked the last BR-owned standard gauge first steam locomotive leg of the tour from Stockport to haul a service on the national networkStalybridge via Buxton.<ref name=SVR18/>

45110 was transferred to Lostock Hall during July 1968.<ref>[https://www.brdatabase.info/locoqry.php?action=locodata&type=S&id=446003453&loco=5110 45110] on BRDatabase</ref> On 21 July it was involved in another railtour, the Roch Valley Railway Society "Manchester - Southport Steam Excursions" (the railtour's objective being to travel between the two named towns via four different routes), working the final leg solo from Southport back to Manchester. It worked its last 'ordinary' passenger train on 29 July, deputising for a diesel on the 08.15 Preston-Windermere return working. The return trip was worked tender first as Windermere turntable had been removed the previous day! It then worked its last freight on 1 August, the 19:14 Colne-Preston parcels.<ref name=SVR18/>  The last 'official' steam-hauled passenger train run by BR was a 'farewell to steam' special on 11 August 1968, 8 days after regular steam services had ended. The special train '1T57' became known as the 'Fifteen Guinea Special' after the price of tickets. 45110 took the train from Liverpool to Manchester, from where 70013 Oliver Cromwell continued to Carlisle. Two other Black 5s (44781 and 44871) began the return leg, while the honour of the final return to Liverpool fell to 45110, which thereby entered history as the last BR-owned standard gauge steam locomotive to haul a service on the national network. <gallerymode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">

===First boiler ticket===45110 was initially saved for preservation by "[[List of preservation groups#Preservation groups formerly associated with the SVR|The Stanier Black 5 Locomotive Preservation Society]]", mainly through fund raising efforts of its President Mr David Porter, Principal of the “Flairavia Flying Club” at Biggin Hill Civil Airport. On 8 January 1969 the locomotive was hauled ‘dead’ 'dead' from Lostock Hall to Clapham Sidings. Three days later 45110 was moved again to a temporary home at the privately rented former BR Ashford shed. There it was worked on by members of the Flying Club and steamed on several open days, during one of which it first carried temporary name plates bearing the name “R''R.A.F. Biggin Hill”Hill''.<ref name=SVR18>SVR News 18, 19</ref> <Gallerygallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">

<div id="MainLine"></div> It became clear that a new home for the locomotive at a heritage railway was needed and Mr Porter considered the SVR to be the most suitable. 45110 left Ashford on 17 August 1970, being hauled dead to Bescot on 19 August. There the motion was reattached and a fire lit, so when the locomotive arrived at Bewdley on 20 August 1970, it continued to Bridgnorth under its own steam. Minimum work was required before 45110 entered service on Sunday 20 September 1970.<ref name=SVR18/> A naming ceremony was held on 12 September 1971, at which the locomotive was formally named “R''R.A.F. Biggin Hill”Hill''.<ref>SVR News 21</ref> David Porter (who was also associated with [[417 Invicta]]) became a Director of SVR(H) when it was first established in late 1972.<ref>SVR News 26</ref> On 11 August 1973, with his agreement, 45110 took part in a Derby Litchurch Lane Carriage Works "Open Day". The locomotive travelled there and back in steam with [[LMS 24617 Corridor Composite]], [[LMS 26986 Brake Third Corridor]] and [[LMS 2886 Six-wheel Passenger Brake (later 32919)|Stove R 32919]], thereby becoming the first Severn Valley locomotive and rolling stock to work unassisted on the BR network in preservation.<ref>SVR News 29</ref> The move also resulted in the locomotive leaving facing south and returning facing north, thus becoming only the second locomotive on the SVR to work facing in each direction.<ref>SVR News 115, "North and South before the Turntable", Quentin Haigh</ref><ref group="note">[[46443]] arrived facing south but returned from an open day at Tyseley in September 1969 facing north, the only locomotive to be turned before the SVR opened.</ref> During 1975 45110 was one of the locomotives used in the filming of [[The Seven-Per-Cent Solution]]. Shortly before that time 45110 was put up for sale, and although it was not SVR policy to own locomotives, the joint Boards decided that it should stay on the SVR if possible, so an exception was made and the purchase of 45110 was successfully negotiated.<ref>SVR News 37, p.3.</ref> The terms agreed were £19,000 with a 25% down payment and the balance payable over three years, subject to signature of the film contract. The decision caused great upset amongst members at the time, with threats of petitions being raised and membership cards torn up.<ref>SVR News 37, "The Unpopular Decision", David C Williams (Editor) p.35.</ref> 45110 was re-tubed in winter 1976-77. The following summer saw an unusual incident with the locomotive being derailed by a lump of coal in the yard at Bridgnorth.<ref>SVR News 43, 44</ref> Winter 1977-78 saw further maintenance including repairs to the back of the tender and a new smokebox,<ref>SVR News 47, 48</ref> while winter 1978-79 included a visit to Tyseley for tyre turning. Usage in 1979 was limited to just 7 days in steam by the need for further repairs to the tender.<ref>SVR News 52, 53, 55</ref>

David Porter (who was also associated On 17 May 1980 the SVR hosted two incoming main line rail tours through to Bridgnorth on the same day, with [[417 Invicta]]) became a Director of SVR(H) when it was first established in late 1972locomotives hauling the carriages between Bewdley and Bridgnorth.<ref>SVR News 26</ref> On 11 August 197345110 worked the Bridgnorth departure of the ITV Railtour Society's returning charter to Southampton, with his agreement, 45110 took part in a Derby Litchurch Lane Carriage Works "Open Dayon the occasion of the announcement that ". ''The locomotive travelled there next service will call at Bewdley, Basingstoke, Winchester, Eastleigh and back in steam with [[LMS 24617 Corridor Composite]]Southampton. Change at Bewdley for Leeds, [[LMS 26986 Brake Third Corridor]] and [[LMS 2886 Six-wheel Passenger Brake (later 32919)|Stove R 32919]]Keighley, thereby becoming the first Severn Valley locomotive Haworth and rolling stock to work unassisted on the BR network in preservationOxenhope.''"<ref>SVR News 2956</ref> The move also resulted in . By autumn of that year the locomotive leaving facing south had been withdrawn from service after recording 21,185 miles in use and returning facing northwas then stored awaiting a place in the overhaul queue, thus becoming only which at the second locomotive on the SVR to work facing in each directiontime comprised 8233, 46443, 4566, 47383 and 45110.<ref>SVR News 115, “North and South before the Turntable”, Quentin Haigh</ref><ref group="note">[[46443]] arrived facing south but returned from an open day at Tyseley in September 1969 facing north, the only locomotive to be turned before the SVR opened. 57</ref>

During 1975 45110 <div id="MainLine"></div> ===Second boiler ticket===The overhaul began in late 1986 but became a protracted and expensive affair. Milestones were reported as follows:*Winter 1986-87: the overhaul was under way with work mainly focussed on the tender. The boiler had also been lifted from the frames, and examination revealed that new pistons and valves would be required<ref>SVR News 82</ref>*Winter 1987-88: the boiler had been ''…all but completely dismembered, the copper box having been removed from the outer steel box''. The steel door plate was scrapped and a new one was to be manufactured by Pridhams.<ref>SVR News 86</ref>*Autumn 1990: the new steel doorplate had been delivered but progress on the boiler had stalled due to the theft of the locomotives used inner copper door plate "''some years ago''". At the time, GM [[Michael Draper]] hoped for the overhaul to be complete in 1993 which would mark the filming 25th anniversary of [[The Seventhe end of steam on BR.<ref>SVR News 97, 98</ref>.*Winter 1991-Per92: a new inner copper door plate had been delivered, and the decision had been taken to re-Cent Solution]]tyre the whole locomotive including the tender. Manufacture of a complete new tender body was almost complete.<ref>SVR News 101</ref>*Summer 1992: Work on the locomotive by the paid staff had recommenced and would "proceed as fast as money permits". Shortly before that time 45110 <ref>SVR News 103</ref>*1994: By spring the overhaul was put up for sale"''on the back burner again, due to financial restraints''". The boiler was still a kit of parts. Work had been carried out on the frames including optical alignment. The wheels had been re-tyred with profiling and although it journal turning completed at Bridgnorth. 45110's completed tender was not SVR policy to be paired with [[42968]] while the Stanier Mogul's own locomotivesFowler tender was rebuilt with a new tank and tyres.<ref>SVR News 110, 112</ref>*Summer 1995: Work continued "''at a snail's pace because of the joint Boards decided limited finances that are available for it should stay on ''"; however all the suspension items had been overhauled and the frames painted in top coat.<ref>SVR if possibleNews 115</ref>*Spring 1996: springing had been completed and other parts had refitted as time permitted, so an exception although completion was made and still some way off because of the purchase state of 45110 was successfully negotiatedthe boiler.<ref>SVR News 37118</ref>*Winter 1996-97: 10 years after the overhaul had started, pthe rods and motion parts had been fitted including the valves and pistons.3Cab platework and lubrication pipework was in progress.<ref>SVR News 121</ref> *Spring 1997: The terms agreed 'bottom half' was almost complete although some smaller items were £19,000 with a 25% down payment and required as "…''we suspect over the balance payable over three years, subject that these have been robbed to signature keep other LMS locos in service''." Reassembly of the film contractboiler was in progress in the boiler shop. The decision caused great upset amongst members at <ref>SVR News 122</ref>*Autumn 1997: the locomotive was close to being a rolling chassis although further work was required on the rear drag box. New parts which had been made by the timepaid staff included a blast pipe base, blast pipe, blower ring, with threats of petitions being raised ejector ring and membership cards torn upchimney.<ref>SVR News 37124</ref>The locomotive was eventually steamed successfully on 6 August 1998, “The Unpopular Decision”with one month's running required before beginning work both on the SVR and the main line. [[Alun Rees]] summarised the overhaul as "Without any doubt, David C Williams (Editor) pit has had one of the largest and most comprehensive repairs of any standard gauge locomotive in preservation".35The return to steam coincided with the 30th anniversary of the end of steam on BR.<ref>SVR News 127</ref>

The first period of service ended in 1980 after recording 21,185 miles in use. Following overhaul, a second period of service began in 1998. This lasted until late 2008, including a 6-month boiler ticket extension which enabled the locomotive to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the end of BR main line steam. During this period 45110 made a number of main line appearances were made between September 1998 and May 2000 as follows:

In early 2002 45110 visited EWS at Toton for tyre turning.<ref>SVR News 140</ref> Spring 2003 saw all the small boiler tubes replaced and other work including a valve and piston re-bore, a cross-head refurbishment and repair to motion bushes.<ref>SVR News 142, 143, 144</ref> A second tyre turning was carried out in summer 2006.<ref>SVR News 154</ref> The second period of service lasted until late 2008, including a 6-month boiler ticket extension which enabled the locomotive to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the end of BR main line steam.  Following expiry of the second 'ticket' in 2008, 45110 moved on loan to Barrow Hill Roundhouse for a period on static display there. In October 2013 the locomotive June 2010 45110's tender was returned from Barrow Hill for a second loan spell with Stanier Mogul 42968, whose Fowler tender had suffered major wheel flats.<ref>SVR News 176</ref> 45110 returned to the SVR in October 2013 and a few days later was moved into [[The Engine House]], taking the place of [[GWR 4930 Hagley Hall|4930 Hagley Hall]] which had moved to Bridgnorth for overhaul. It On 4 August 2018 45110 was moved to Kidderminster to take part in the 'Last Days of Steam' event on 4 August 2018, marking the 50th anniversary of the 'end of steam' in the BR era, and . The locomotive then remained at Kidderminster where it is usually stored in [[Kidderminster Carriage Shed]]. It is now remains owned by [[Severn Valley Railway (Holdings) PLC|SVR(H)]].<gallerymode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">