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[[File: Rudd Ballast Wagons.jpg|thumb|200px|right| Train of Rudd Ballast Wagons in use by the Permanent Way Department at Highley]]
These wagons were originally built as Coal Hoppers (mainly HTV), but a surplus of such wagons in the early 1980s led to their withdrawal. This coincided with a requirement for ‘new’ civil engineers ballast and spoil wagons to replace the elderly Grampus open wagons and second-hand 16-ton minerals wagons then in use. A programme was therefore put in hand to convert more than 2000 such wagons into ‘Clam’, ‘Rudd’ and ‘Tope’ wagons.
