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[[File:OWW map.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Map showing the line still named "Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton" under GWR ownership in 1905]]The '''Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway ''' (OW&W, OWW, or OWWR) was an independent railway company that was formed to build a railway between its three named cities, authorised on 4 August 1845<ref>[http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/articles/railways/GWR.htm Rails In Wolverhampton - The Early Years - The Great Western Railway]</ref>. It began at Wolvercot Junction, near Oxford, from which it ran North-West through Honeybourne and Evesham to [[Worcester]]. It then proceeded towards [[Wolverhampton]] via Droitwich Spa, [[Hartlebury]], [[Kidderminster]], Stourbridge and Dudley. Due to its overall poor management, the company is sometimes referred to using its derisive nickname, "The Old Worse and Worse".

The company suffered from financial mismanagement early on, and ran out of funds in 1849, before any major part of the line was opened. A protracted legal battle then began as the [[Great Western Railway|GWR]] refused to complete the line (a condition of the act Act of parliamentParliament), before realising that its competitors, the Midland Railway and LNWR, were also interested in the line - the GWR finally agreed to lease the line in 1851. The line was eventually completed, still as an independent company, in July 1853, being opened throughout on 1 December 1853<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford,_Worcester_and_Wolverhampton_Railway Wikipedia - Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway]</ref>. The contractors for the Oxford to Worcester and Tipton to Wolverhampton sections were [[Peto, Brassey and Betts | Peto and Betts]] who in partnership with [[Peto, Brassey and Betts | Thomas Brassey]] would later be the contractors for construction of the Severn Valley Railway.

The company's first Locomotive Superintendent, David Joy, was appointed in 1852.<ref>[[Bibliography#Other References|Boynton (2002)]] p. 21.</ref> He was succeeded in February 1856 by Frederick Hayward.<ref>[[Bibliography#Other References|Boynton (2002)]] p. 30.</ref>  The company is possibly best known for the Round Oak accident on 23 August 1858, which involved two portions of a special excursion train returning to Wolverhampton. Having been divided into two portions at Stourbridge, a broken coupling on the first portion caused 18 vehicles to run backwards, colliding with the following section portion. The collision killed 14 passengers and injuring injured 50 more, and was stated to be the worst railway accident to have ever occured in the UK at that date <ref>[http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BoT_RoundOakBrettelLane1858.pdf Col. Tyler's report on the Round Oak rail accident]</ref><ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_Oak_rail_accident Wikipedia - Round Oak rail accident]</ref>.

The [[The Severn Valley Railway under GWR/BR ownership|Severn Valley Railway]] was proposed to build a line from a junction south of Hartlebury, this later being moved past Hartlebury as a cost-saving measure. The OW&W was heavily involved with the Severn Valley Railway despite nominally being independent companies, with several directors holding positions in both companies, and the OW&W's Engineer John <noglossary>Fowler </noglossary> being appointed as the SVR's engineer in 1855. The OW&W formally agreed to lease the SVR on 14 June 1860, shortly before OW&W merged with the Newport, Abergavenny & Hereford Railway and the Worcester & Hereford Railway, forming the [[West Midland Railway]] on 1 July 1860. ==Present day==The majority of the original OW&W route remains open, between Oxford and Stourbridge Junction, via Worcester Shrub Hill, [[Hartlebury]] and [[Kidderminster]]. North of Stourbridge, the line is used for freight services for a short distance, although beyond Round Oak (now the location of the Merry Hill Shopping Centre) it has been variously mothballed or closed and will form part of the Wednesbury to Brierley Hill Metro Extension.<ref>[https://metroalliance.co.uk/projects/wednesbury-to-brierley-hill-extension/ Midland Metro Alliance] (Retrieved 13 November 2020)</ref> Passenger services to Birmingham Snow Hill and beyond continue via the former GWR line which bears to the right a short distance north of Stourbridge Junction.