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Loop Line specification and contract

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[[File:Loop Line specification and contract cover.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Front cover of the specification]]
The specification GWR issued the '''Specification for construction of the Loop Line was issued between Kidderminster and Bewdley''' in September 1874.:''Main article: [[Kidderminster Loop Line]]''
This transcript of the original document, held by The National Archives, preserves the inconsistent spelling and capitalisation (labour/labor, colour/color, moneys/monies, Works/works) and lack of punctuation. Unfortunately, no known copies of the drawings referred to exist.
==Timeline==
The powers to construct a Loop Line between Kidderminster and Bewdley were first granted by the West Midland and Severn Valley Companies Act of 1 August 1861. The two named companies were subsequently absorbed by the GWR who were reluctant to build the Loop, and no progress had been made by the time those powers expired in 1865. The GWR Act of 31 July 1868 revived those powers for a further 5 years, later extended for 2 more years by the GWR Act of 18 July 1872. Completion was therefore due no later than July 1875. The GWR had already sought leave for a further extension before issuing the specification in September 1874, in which Clause 2 stated that the work was to be completed by 31 October 1875. The GWR Act of 19 July 1875 duly granted a further 2 year extension, with a revised deadline for completion of 18 July 1877.<ref>[[Bibliography#Books|Marshall (1989)]] pp. 58,62,81.</ref>
 
The Contractor who was appointed on 28 November 1874 was Charles Dickinson. By March 1877 much of the work on was complete, although adverse weather had caused delays. Although it was likely to overrun, the GWR did not make a further application for an extension to the July deadline. Construction of the Loop was completed in time for a Board of Trade inspection on 22 March 1878. A further Board of Trade inspection on 29 May authorised the opening of the Loop, and the first public services began on 1 June 1878<ref>[[Bibliography#Books|Marshall (1989)]] p. 83.</ref>.
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==Specification and Contract==
 
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| style="vertical-align:top; width: 20%;" | ||style="text-align:center;" |'''Specification of Works'''
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| || to be done in constructing the railway Railway (intended for a single line of railwayRailway) authorised authorized by "The West Midland and Severn Valley Railway Companies Act 18641861" "The Great Western Railway Act 1868" and "The Great Western Railway Act 1872" commencing in the Foreign of Kidderminster in the Parish of Kidderminster in the County of Worcester by a junction Junction with the Severn Valley Line of the Great Western Railway at or near the Bewdley Station and terminating in the foreign , Parish and County aforesaid by a junction Junction with the West Midland Line of the Great Western Railway at or near the Kidderminster Station , with all works Works and conveniences Conveniences connected therewith.
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| || style="text-align:center;" |'''General Specification.'''
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| style="vertical-align:top; width: 20%;" | 1. The contractor Contractor to execute all works <br><br><br><br><br><br>To supply all materials &c || The contractor Contractor shall , to the satisfaction of the Engineer in a workmanlike substantial and lasting manner construct and execute all the Works herein mentioned and specified or referred to whether temporary or permanent including all contingent and incidental works and shall construct and execute all the said Worksrespectively as delineated on the Drawings enumerated herein, and in the manner and according to the directions and provisions herein respectively as delineated on the Drawings enumerated herein after mentioned specified or referred to or in any detailed or modified Specifications Drawings Plans Sections or written instructions which may from time to time be given to the Contractors Contractor by the Engineer, and in and for the construction and execution of the said works, the Contractor shall provide and supply all the materials plant articles and things which according to this specification Specification are to be provided by the Contractor or which may be requisite or proper for the due performance of the works and of all the kinds descriptions and qualities specified in or to be inferred from this Specification and the Drawings or from any detailed Specification Plans Drawings Sections or written instructions as aforesaid of the best and most proper kinds or descriptions respectively to the satisfaction of the Engineer, and shall also find and provide all labour tools plant and machinery requisite or proper for the due performance of the work, and in executing the same shall perform fulfil obey and abide by all the directions provisions terms and conditions of this Specification and the Drawings and of any such detailed Specifications and written instructions as aforesaid and shall be subject to the several liabilities and obligations in case of default herein mentioned it being the intention of these Presents that the Contractor shall do execute and provide in accordance with this Specification everything requisite or proper for the entire performance of the said Works.
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| style="vertical-align:top;" | 2. Contract includes all materials &c<br><br>Except permanent way<br><br>Time for completion || The Works comprised in the Contract include earth work in every variety of material whether in soft earth or rock, all fences temporary and permanent, all brick, stone, timber and iron -work and all work materials material and labour of every description necessary for the constructions construction and completion of the respective Railways up to the formation level, ; the providing and laying thereon of the ballast and also the laying of the permanent way (the materials of which are provided by the Company) and the delivery of the whole of the said works in a complete and perfect condition to the Company on or before the 31st day of October 1875.
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| style="vertical-align:top;" | 3. Contractor not to interfere with conveniences of the adjoining properties &c || The Contractor shall not in carrying out the works interfere with the free and uninterrupted use by the respective Proprietors of any of the Railways, Canals, Watercourses, Roads or other conveniences adjoining or near the new Railway , and shall perform all temporary or permanent works, such as alterations, diversions or substitutions which may be necessary to secure the same.
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| style="vertical-align:top;" | 5. “Engineer” || Whenever the word "Engineer" occurs herein it shall be taken as meaning [[Edward Wilson ]]<ref group="note">Edward Wilson was previously Locomotive and Permanent Way Engineer for the [[Oxford Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway]] and later the [[West Midland Railway]] In 1864 Wilson he established his own practice, Edward Wilson & Co, and worked on projects for a number of railway companies, including the GWR. He died on 26 August 1877; resident Engineer Mr Tyrell saw the project through to completion.</ref> of 9 . Deans Yard Westminster or n in case of his death incapacity or removal the Engineer in Chief for the time being of the Company.
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| style="vertical-align:top;" | 6. “Contractor” || The word "Contractor" shall be taken to apply equally to all and each of the Partners of a firm (if any) entering into a contract with the said Company or to any single individual making such Contract.
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| style="vertical-align:top;" | 7. “Authority” || “Authority” or “orders in writing” , and all expressions to that effect , shall apply to any printed or written Documents signed by the Secretary or Engineer of the Company whether such documents be letters notices drawings or sketches.
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| style="vertical-align:top;" | 8. Company to deliver lands to Contractor || The Company will from time to time deliver to the Contractor so much of the lands Lands required for the works as shall in the opinion of Engineer be sufficient for the commencement by the Contractor of such work works respectively and will from time to time deliver to the Contractor possession of the residue of the land Land required in such pieces or parcels as the Engineer may think proper and sufficient for the due completion of the said works within the period to which the Contractor is limited by the Contract.
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| style="vertical-align:top;" | 10. Contractor to maintain the works during progress<br>And indemnify company from damage to roads &c<br><br>And from failure from bad workmanship &c for 12 months || The Contractor shall during the progress of the respective works maintain and keep the same in good and compete condition and working order and repair and reinstate all injuries and damages thereto however caused and shall also bear and pay and indemnify the Company from and against all damages loss penalties costs and expenses which they may sustain or be put to by reason of the death of or injury to any person or persons whomsoever occasioned by the Construction of the works Works or arising from any act or default of the Contractor or which may result from the stoppage of traffic on any Railway, Canal, road or public thoroughfare or from or through the stoppage of any watercourse and if within the period of twelve months from the completion of the work and acceptance thereof by the Engineer any failure should arise from bad workmanship or defective materials (excepting the permanent way materials) or should any defect or deficiency be discovered in the works or should any damages damage be thereby occasioned to any person or persons or to Railways Canals watercourses lands roads footpaths drains telegraphs or sewers or any other matter or thing the Contractor shall forthwith at his own expense remedy and make good any such failure or defect and shall indemnify the Company against all liabilities claims and demands whatsoever by or on the part of any person or persons whomsoever who may sustain damage or inconvenience from or whose interests may be affected by any such failures defects or deficiencies.
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| style="vertical-align:top;" | 17. To provide materials, Labor, etc. || The Contractor shall at his own cost provide all materials (except those which are in Clause 19 specially excluded) labor, tools, watchmen, lighting, temporary fencing, shoring, centreingcentering, coffer dams, sewers, drains, pumping, scaffolding, horses, engines, waggons, barrows, planks, temporary rails, temporary bridges, roads, machinery, implements of every sort and all temporary works of every description necessary for the public safety of fulfilment of any legal obligation arising out of the construction of the said Works and the proper and entire completion of the works on or before the 31st day of October 1875.
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| style="vertical-align:top;" | 22. ||
No. 1 General Plan of Railway<ref group="note">The mileages shown in the Specification were measured from Bewdley South junction towards Kidderminster.</ref><br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 Longitudinal Section of Railway<br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 3 Cross Sections (Sheet 1)<br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 3a Cross Sections (Sheet 2)<br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 Cross Sections of Railway Cuttings + Embankments and Road approaches<br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 5 Gates and Fencing<br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 6 [[Devil's Spittleful (Rifle Range) Bridge|Bridge at 0m 46.88 ]]<br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 7 [[Bewdley Tunnel|Tunnel from 1m 4 Ch<span style="vertical-align:super;font-size:small">s</span> to 1m 26 ]] <br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 8 [[Stourport Road Bridge|Bridge at 1m 61.15 ]] <br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 9 [[Underbridge off Lisle Avenue|Bridge at 1m 7 Ch<span style="vertical-align:super;font-size:small">s</span> and Culverts]]<br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 10 [[Falling Sands Viaduct|Viaduct from 2m 11.63 Ch<span style="vertical-align:super;font-size:small">s</span> to 2m 17.72 ]] <br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 11 [[Worcester Road Bridge|Bridge at 2m 26.72 ]] <br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 12 [[Hoo Road Bridge|Bridge at 2m 46.30 ]] <br>&nbsp;“ &nbsp; &nbsp; 13 Division at River Stour and Canal 
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| style="vertical-align:top;" | 43. Imperfect work to be taken down and removed<br><br>To be executed properly<br><br>Without extra charge or extension of time<br><br>Company may cause imperfect works to be removed || In case the Engineer shall at any time during the progress of the said works be of opinion that any part of said works is being executed unsoundly or imperfectly, or not with proper materials, or in any respect not in accordance with the Specification, drawings plans or other instructions respectively, given by the Engineer to the Contractor, or shall at any time after the completion of the said works and during any period referred to in Clause 10 be of opinion that any works done by the Contractor have been executed unsoundly or improperly or not with proper materials or have become unsound, or imperfect by reason of accident or from any cause not being the act or default of the Company and in ase case the Engineer shall thereupon give the Contractor a notice in writing requiring him cause such part of the said works to be taken down and removed and to be re-executed properly, and with proper materials according to the Specification, drawings, plans, or other instructions then the Contractor shall forthwith comply with such notice, and do the several matters and things thereby required of him to the satisfaction of the Engineer without any extra charge and without any extension of the period for teh the completion of the said works in respect thereof, notwithstanding that before the giving of such notice any payment may have been made by the Company on account of such works so objected to, or any Certificate may have been given by the Engineer of the due execution thereof. And in case the Contractor shall not within ten days after the receipt of such notice have duly complied therewith and executed the works thereby required or commenced and diligently proceeded with the same, the Company shall be entitled to cause the works so objected to, to be taken down and removed and to be executed properly and with proper materials and for that purpose to expend such sum as as the Engineer may consider reasonable and proper and to recover the money so paid from the Contractor in manner provided by Article 46.
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| style="vertical-align:top;" | 51. Penalty for delay incompletion in completion || The Contractor shall complete the whole of the works comprised in this Contract to the satisfaction of the Engineer on or before the 31st day of October 1875 and for every days delay in so completing the works he shall forfeit to the company by way of ascertained and liquidated damages, the sum of Twenty pounds.
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| | ||style="text-align:center;" |'''Fencing'''<br>'''Drawing N<span style="vertical-align:super;font-size:small">o</span>5Nº5'''
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| || All fencing whether of post and Rail, Iron wire or boundary walls shall be of such a description as the Engineer may require, and shall be of the best materials and workmanship of their respective kinds, and placed in such a line or situation as the engineer or his Assistant may direct
The ordinary post and rail fencing shall be of larch.  The posts are to be 7ft 8 ins in length, let 3 feet into the ground, and firmly secured in the ground, They are to be set 9 ft apart, and have 5 Clean Mortice holes for the rails; each post shall be well hooped with 1½ in. new hoop Iron at the top, and have not less than 18 in. sectional area at the smallest end.  The rails 5 in number, shall have 5½ in. section at the smallest part, and shall be straight, sound, and free from shakes or flaws, and carefully fitted into the mortice holes in the posts.  One prick post of Larch, 5 ft 6" long, of scantling, equal to 4½“ x 1½ “ shall be placed between the posts, and well and firmly nailed and clenched, with two wrought Iron rails to each of the horizontal rails. Wire fencing if used shall be of a description and from a Maker approved of by the Engineer. The Contractor shall be paid for the same upon the Manufacturers invoices, with an addition of ten percent to the cost of fence erected.
Quicks <ref group="note">"Quicks" are quickthorn (hawthorn) cuttings used in creating a hedge.</ref> shall be planted where required
The plants to be of not less than 3 years growth sound and healthy planted in two rows 11 inches apart and 12 plants shall be placed in each lineal yard. the mound shall be formed inside the fencing and dug to the proper depth and width and it shall be perforated by 4" drain tiles wherever the nature or slope of the ground may render this necessary to secure effectual drainage.
A drain shall be made in each side of the Railway on top of cuttings and at foot of embankments as shewn on Drawing No 4 of such depth as effectually to carry off all water but in no case shall it be less than 18 inches in depth and of the proper slope and form as shewn on the drawings and whenever it intersects cross drains the water from such cross drains shall be properly carried into it and it shall be well puddled opposite all such cross drains.
All wrought fencing shall have four coats of best oil paint the last coat of such color as the Engineer may direct. The posts of approach fencing shall be of English Oak 6 ft 6 in by 4 in and when firmly fixed in the ground it shall stand 4 feet above the surface, the distance from centre to centre of post to be 6 feet. The rails shall be three in number made of best red wood teh the top rail being 4 inch square set on edge in a birds mouth cut in the top of the post and firmly secured to the post by an iron strap 15" long on each side by 2" wide by one eigth eighth of an inch in thickness. The rails shall be continuous and in lengths of not less than 18 feet properly scarfed and jointed on the top of the post – The other two sails rails shall be 3½ inches deep by 2 inch thick well and securely morticed into the post – The whole of the posts and sails rails to be planed and wrought truly square
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| | ||style="text-align:center;" |'''Occupation Road Field and Footpath Gates'''<br>'''Drawing N<span style="vertical-align:super;font-size:small">o</span>5Nº5'''
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| || The hanging and closing posts shall be of sound English oak free from sap sawn die square above ground neatly chamfered on the edges and rounded on the top – The gates shall be of sound red wood fir free from sap shakes or flaws of the dimensions given in the drawing the whole planed and wrought truly square – The tenons and mortices shall be well and truly fitted together and when put together the joints shall be made ?? with white lead and secured with an oak pin All the ironwork shall be neatly forged and finished off – The whole of the gates to have four coats of best oil paint the last coat being of such colour as the Engineer may direct – Each occupation and field gate shall be provided with a good galvanized padlock keys and chain and with a notice board with the usual notice painted on it The occupation and field gates shall be hung so that they will close themselves and have a spring or catch to fasten to the closing post. 
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| | ||style="text-align:center;" |'''[[Gradient profile and mileages|Mile and Gradient Posts]]'''<br>'''Drawing N<span style="vertical-align:super;font-size:small">o</span>5Nº5'''Occupation Road Field and Footpath Gates |-| || A mile or quarter mile post shall be fixed at every quarter of a mile with the distance clearly shewn in miles and quarter miles The gradient posts shall be sound English oak free from sap and shakes and one shall be fixed at change of each gradient with the inclinations clearly painted on it Where required Companies boundary posts shall be fixed as directed by the Engineer The whole of the mile gradient and boundary posts shall have four coats of best oil paint; the last must be of such colour as the Engineer may direct.  
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| | ||style="text-align:center;" |'''Excavations for Foundations'''
Occupation Road Field and Footpath Gates |-| || The excavations for foundations of all abutments piers bridge culverts walls and any other brick work or stonework shall be made to the exact size of the concrete brick or stonework and sunk to such a depth as the Engineer may direct and no concrete building or other work shall be commenced without the approval of the Engineer or his Assistant Should the hunches when in solid natural ground be dug by the Contractor of a greater width than is necessary for receiving the walls and foundations any space between the walls and the solid ground adjoining shall be filled and lightly packed with stones, no ash or soil being used.
/25The excavations shall be kept entirely free from water by pumping or otherwise during the progress of the works until the concrete and stone or brickwork on such foundations is set, the earth arising from such excavation shall be carried to embankment or other part of the work where the engineer may direct and in case no such depository can be found the Contractor shall remove the same from the work entirely and when the erection whatever it may be is completed the foundations shall be filled in and firmly punned round the brickwork or masonry to the surface level the surface of the ground being levelled and made good to the satisfaction of the Engineer.The Contractor at his own cost shall keep open all railways, roads, footpaths, sewers, watercourses, canals, &c free from obstruction at all times during the term of the contract.
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29|-| | ||style="text-align:center;" |'''Cuttings and Embankments'''|-| || The Contractor in excavating the cuttings and forming the embankments shall carry out the same in accordance with the longitudinal and cross sections and strictly adhere to the depths and heights figured thereon. The slopes shall be formed to an inclination of 1½ feet horizontal to 1 foot perpendicular for cuttings (except where otherwise shewn on the cross sections) and also for embankments, but should the engineer be of opinion that an increased or flatter slope than that shewn on the cross sections in any of the cuttings or embankments is desirable no extra price per yard will be paid to the Contractor for any increase in the excavations or alterations of embankments.The plan shows the direction of the railway and the area of land that will be purchased by the Company and upon portions of which the Contractor will with the consent of the Engineer in writing be allowed to erect all necessary machinery temporary houses offices &c for the execution of the works.The red line on the longitudinal section shews the formation lines for the bottoms of the excavations and the level for the top of the embankments & bridges previous to the laying on of the ballast in preparation for the permanent way.The widths of the embankments and cuttings when soiled at the level of formation are severally marked upon the enlarged cross section (drawing no 4) and the dimensions so specified shall in no case be deviated from without the approval of the Engineer in writing.Each embankment shall be carried forward uniformly and be of the dimensions shown on the sections, or such altered inclination of the slopes as the Engineer may consider necessary due allowance being made in the height of the embankment for shrinkage.The side tips shall be kept well in advance of the centre tip.The Contractor shall during his contract remedy any slips and remove any weak or soft spongy parts from the site of the embankments. After the embankments have consolidated the slopes of same and of cuttings shall be neatly trimmed to the proper line before being soiled. In carrying the embankment up to or over bridge or culvert great care shall be used by staging backing and punning so as to cause no unequal pressure or damage to the work. No mud slurry or soft material shall be put into the embankment. The slopes of all embankments and cuttings where ordered shall be sown with grass seed 3½ bushels per acre.Should any spongy or unsound material appear in the cuttings the same shall be removed and if any water springs or leakage appear they shall be carried off as directed by the Engineer.
capable of passing through a 4 inch ring or such hard and dry material as the Engineer may approve. The permanent way shall then be laid and securely packed up and boxed, the top ballast being of the same material as the bottom ballast but broken to pass through a 2 inch ring No sand will be allowed to be used on any consideration whatever nor material containing any admixture of clay or soil.
Masonry|-| ||style="text-align:center;" | '''Ballasting'''|-| || After the work of excavation and embanking shall have been completed the Contractor shall remove all temporary railway materials and ballast and shall clean up and perfect the formation and drainage according to the drawings, and when the formation shall have thus been properly prepared and approved by the Engineer the bottom ballast shall be laid down to the thickness of one foot and to the width & form shewn on the enlarged cross section of the line. It shall consist of strong blast furnace cinders slag rough gravel or rock broken to a size capable of passing through a 4 inch ring or such hard and dry material as the Engineer may approve. The permanent way shall then be laid and securely packed up and boxed, the top ballast being of the same material as the bottom ballast but broken to pass through a 2 inch ring No sand will be allowed to be used on any consideration whatever nor material containing any admixture of clay or soil. 
|-| ||style="text-align:center;" | '''Masonry'''|-| || All the stone must be of the best quality of Red Sandstone of the district all good sound hard stone of equal quality and such as shall receive the approval of the Engineer.<ref group="note">In May 1875 the appointed contractor, Charles Dickinson, wrote to the GWR explaining his difficulty in obtaining suitable stone for the piers of Falling Sands Viaduct and requesting the difference in price for it to be built entirely of brick, to which the GWR agreed.</ref>
The foundation courses of Viaduct and Bridges shall consist of large flat bedded stones laid close together bedded and filled with mortar and brought up to a level surface to receive the masonry of the walls above and the whole work shall be executed in accordance with the drawings applicable to each structure and with the figured dimensions marked thereon.
The masonry shall consist of good flat bedded rubble work lead in level courses (which may be broken) with vertical joints. All the stones used shall be sound and free from shakes and dries laid on their natural beds closely set and bedded and pointed flush in lime mortar.
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Great care must be taken in building the piers of [[Falling Sands Viaduct|the Viaduct ]] to bond the work thoroughly together by means of bond stones of sufficient length to pass through the whole thickness of the piers at such frequent intervals as the Engineer may direct, and no stone shall measure less in the face then 2 feet 6 inches on bed and 1 foot in height.
For abutments and wings of bridges the stones in face shall not be less than 1 foot 6 inches on bed and 9 inches in height and good bond shall be made throughout the whole thickness of all stonework, the lap being in no case less than 8 inches and in every superficial yard of face or back there shall be at least two headers of not less than 3 feet 6 inches in length Internal angles of counter-forts, voids, wings &c shall have proper bond stones alternately out and in bond of sufficient length and at least once in every 3 feet in height they shall be stones bonding each way not less than 3 feet 6 inches in length
All the external angles of mason work shall be finished with large size selected Rubble quoins neatly hammer dressed on heads beds and joints and neatly chisel-draughted on the external angles and where rubble string courses or coping are shewn upon the drawings they shall be neatly finished off with a chisel-draught on the external angles
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The whole of the masonry shall be closely and substantially built so that the joints may be as small as possible and all joints shall be neatly pointed and drawn
Behind abutments wings & retaining walls drains shall be formed with stone shivers or larger slag carefully laid in as the work proceeds and likely packed and weeping holes 9 inches by 3 inches shall be carried through all such walls where pointed out by the Engineer
/31|-| 32 ||style="text-align:center;" | '''Ashlar'''|-| || The beds and joints of all Ashlar <ref group="note">"Ashlar" is masonry made of large square-cut stones, used as a facing on walls of brick or stone rubble</ref> must be boasted* <ref group="note">"Boasted" is a stone finish comprising multiple parallel lines</ref> true throughout and the external faces footed chamfered picked or rough pitched as shall be directed by the Engineer
All moulded and sunk work in strings caps etc. shall be ~ wrought to the detail drawings furnished from time to time to the Contractor.
It is to be distinctly understood that the measurement of all stone work (including Ashlar) is the net size of each stone set in the work. No allowance whatever will be made for waste in working at the Quarry or elsewhere and the price must include all labor waste hoisting setting and every contingent expense.
* |-| ||style="boastedtext-align:center;" is a type of stone finish| '''Brickwork'''|-Brickwork ========= | || The bricks shall be good hard sound well shaped and thoroughly burnt bricks all of uniform size and of uniform color in the face of the work, and picked bricks shall be used for facework, copings, string courses &c. No difference of workmanship will be allowed in the inside and outside work and every brick shall be well saturated with water before set in place, the whole of the work shall be flushed up solid with mortar every course and all the outside joints shall be neatly pointed and drawn and no joint shall exceed one fourth of an inch in thickness. /32 33 All Brickwork shall be of old English bond throughout unless otherwise ordered by the Engineer and all parts of the work shall be throroughly [sic] thoroughly bonded together. No broken bricks or pieces will be allowed to be used except what is necessary to form proper bond. Dry filling to be rough broken stone or rough screened gravel.
Brick arches shall be built in rings with the hardest selected bricks and properly bonded with a header course when any two rings form a fair radiating joint to the centre.
The courses of bricks in the arch shall be gauged and masked on the laggins over the whole length of the centre before any bricks will be permitted to be laid in the arched.
In building wing and retaining walls whether curves or plain in the face care is to be taken to maintain the correct batter and the perfect bond of inside and outside work.
4 ins. Glazed drain pipes shall be carried through retaining walls wing walls of bridges and abutments where pointed out by the Engineer. In road bridges drain pipes of the above dimension shall be placed at four or five feet apart at the level of roadway or Railway under the bridges.
For the effectual drainage of the upper surface of all arches the spandrils shall be formed with sufficient fall to allow the free escape of the surface water towards the outside wall and into glazed or cast iron drain pipes as shewn on the drawings and the whole must be made perfectly watertight.
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| ||style="text-align:center;" | '''[[Bewdley Tunnel|Tunnel]]'''<br>'''Drawing Nº7'''
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| || The Tunnel commences at 1M. 4 Chs. & terminates at 1M. 26 Chs. It is 484 yards in length<ref group="note">The actual length of Bewdley Tunnel is 480 yards</ref>.
/33 34Excavation and Mining ~ The Works consist in constructing a Tunnel of the size necessary for a single line of Railway and lining the same with Brickwork as shewn on Drawing No. 7.
For The contractor will be at liberty to open cut the effectual drainage ground at each end of the upper surface tunnel to the extent of not more than twelve yards from the front for the purpose of building the end lengths. The width of the Excavation is on no account to be greater than the outside of all arches the spandrils Masonry or Brickwork and the sides shall be formed with sufficient fall well supported and kept open by suitable timbering until the Masonry or Brickwork is completed. The open space is then to be filled up to allow the free escape original surface by layers of clay not more than One foot in thickness, each of which is to be well and carefully punned<ref group="note">"Punned" is similar to "puddled", clay that has been rammed hard to make it water tight.</ref> before laying on the succeeding layer. When completely filled, the surface water towards to be neatly trimmed to the outside wall surface and into glazed or cast iron drain pipes as shewn on inclination of the drawings Excavations and the whole must to be made perfectly watertightproperly turfed or soiled and sown with seeds.
The Work is then to be continued from the open ends by mining in the usual way. The Excavation obtained from the Tunnelis to be tipped into the Embankment or run to spoil at the ends of the Tunnel and dressed and soiled as directed by the Engineer.
Drawing NoShould any portion of the Tunnel in the opinion of the Engineer not require to be bricked the same shall be excavated as nearly as possible to the net size shewn on the Drawings and no portion of the Tunnel will be permitted to be of less dimensions than shown on the drawings at any point but no allowance will be made for any Excavations in excess of the drawings. 707:33 If on the completion of these portions of the Tunnel, 11 October 2020 (UTC)07:33the Engineer should on examination be of opinion that any pieces of rock have been so far loosened by the blasting and other mining operations as to be in danger of falling out, 11 October 2020 (UTC)[[User:Graham Phillips 110|Graham Phillips 110]] ([[User talk:Graham Phillips 110|talk]])the Contractor shall remove such pieces of rock on being required to do so without any additional payment therefor.
The Tunnel commences at 1MContractor will be required to support by means of good and sufficient timbering such portions of the tunnel as may require it until the brickwork is executed. 4 Chs Great care must be taken to draw such timber as far as practicable so as not to build it in and the space occupied by the timber must be securely packed or rammed on the removal thereof. & terminates at 1M. 26 Chs. It is 484 yards No allowance will be made for such timber, whether built in or drawn or for any additional excavating or packing or ramming, consequent thereon, but the Contractor must include all such items in length.his price for the tunnel
Excavation and Mining 07:33, 11 October 2020 (UTC)07:33, 11 October 2020 (UTC)07:33, 11 October 2020 (UTC)07:33, 11 October 2020 (UTC)~ The Works consist in constructing a Tunnel of In no case when the size necessary for a single line of Railway and lining the same with Brickwork as shewn on Drawing No. 7. The contractor will tunnel shall require to be at liberty to open cut the ground at each end of so timbered, are the tunnel excavations to the extent of not be carried more than twelve yards from 12 feet in advance of the front for the purpose of building brickwork, but the end lengths. The width of the Excavation is on no account to be greater than the outside taken out at one time in advance of the Masonry or Brickwork and the sides shall be well supported and kept open by suitable timbering until the Masonry or Brickwork is completed. The open space is then brickwork are to be filled up to absolutely at the original surface by layers control of clay not more than One foot in thickness, each of which is to be the Engineer
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well and carefully punned before laying on the succeeding layer. When completely filled, the surface to be neatly trimmed to the surface and inclination of the Excavations and to be properly turfed or soiled and sown with seeds.
The Work is then to be continued from the open ends by mining in the usual way. The Excavation obtained from the Tunnel is to be tipped into the Embankment or run to spoil at the ends of the Tunnel and dressed and soiled as directed by the Engineer.
Should any portion of the Tunnel in the opinion of the Engineer not require to be bricked the same shall be excavated as nearly as possible to the net size shewn on the Drawings and no portion of the Tunnel will be permitted to be of less dimensions than shown on the drawings at anpoint but no allowance will be made for any Excavations in excess of the drawings. If on the completion of these portions of the Tunnel, the Engineer should on examination be of opinion that any pieces of rock have been so far loosened by the blasting and other mining operations as to be in danger of falling out, the Contractor shall remove such pieces of rock on being required to do so without any additional payment therefor.
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36
The Contractor will be required to support by means of good and sufficient timbering such portions of the tunnel as may require it until the brickwork is executed. Great care must be taken to draw such timber as far as practicable so as not to build it in and the space occupied by the timber must be securely packed or rammed on the removal thereof. No allowance will be made for such timber, whether built in or drawn or for any additional excavating or packing or ramming, consequent thereon, but the Contractor must include all such items in his price for the tunnel
In no case when the tunnel shall require to be so timbered, are the excavations to becarried more than 12 feet in advance of the brickwork, but the lengths to be taken out at one time in advance of the brickwork are to be absolutely at the control of the Engineer
The Contractor shall also, at his own cost and risk provide such pipes, steam jets or other means of ventilation as may be necessary for the proper ventilation of the tunnel so that no hindrance may be occasioned by smoke or foul air
Safety recesses or man holes are to be made in the sides of the tunnel of the form and dimensions shewn on the Drawing.
The whole of the brick lining to be executed in every respect conformably with the Specification, and if, at any time the regular continuity of the brickwork of the tunnel shall be destroyed either in consequence of shrinking
/3637
Or settlement of any part or imperfection of the centres or by any other causes the Contractor shall amend or remove such irregularity in a satisfactory manner.
 
Drains are to be laid through the side walls to permit of free drainage of water, at such intervals as the Engineer may direct, and drains are to be laid down, each side of the tunnel, of the form and dimensions shewn on the Drawing.
Should the Engineer authorise the Contractor to substitute Masonry for Brickwork in any portion of the side wallos of the tunnel, such Masonry shall consist of coursed rubble, and shall be executed in all respects in conformity with the Specification
Culverts
(Drawing No. 9)
The barrels of all culverts shall be built of the dimensions shewn in the Drawings or of such other dimensions as the Engineer may determine during the progress of the Works
/37
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The whole of the Brickwork shall be built of well burnt bricks as before specified set in mortar or in Portland Cement where ordered.
The Culverts shall be built in the line of the old watercourses except where otherwise directed by the Engineer the fronts parallel to the line of Railway and built askew where required.
MortarShall be composed of Should the Engineer authorise the best freshly burnt Warwickshire bias Lime, or other approved Lime, ground all Contractor to substitute Masonry for Brickwork in any portion of a quality. It shall be mixed with good engine ashes or sharp clean sand, in the proportions of two of ashes or sand and one side walls of Lime measured dry or otherwise as the Engineer may directtunnel, ground & mixed under rollers and thoroughly tempered with a proper quantity such Masonry shall consist of pure fresh watercoursed rubble, to a tough paste. All mortar and shall be freshly mixed as required for use, and none shall executed in all respects in any case be used after it has been permitted to dry or partially setconformity with the Specification.
Concrete|-| ||style="text-align:center;" | '''Culverts'''<br>'''Drawing Nº9'''|-| || The Concrete barrels of all culverts shall be composed built of clean gravel the dimensions shewn in the Drawings or broken Stone (which will pass through a ring one inch and a half diameter) clean sharp Sand and Lime in of such other dimensions as the Engineer may determine during the proportions progress of six parts gravel and one part fresh burnt Lime the Works. The whole of the Brickwork shall be built of well burnt bricks as before specified quality, set in mortar or three parts broken Stone, two parts Sand, and one part of Lime as abovein Portland Cement where ordered. The proportions Culverts shall be ascertainedbuilt in the line of the old watercourses except where otherwise directed by the Engineer the fronts parallel to the line of Railway and built askew where required.
/38|-39| ||style="text-align:center;" | '''Mortar'''|-by measures to | || Shall be provided by composed of the Contractorbest freshly burnt Warwickshire bias Lime, or other approved Lime, ground all of a quality. These materials must It shall be thoroughly mixed by being well raked togetherwith good engine ashes or sharp clean sand, and after having been turned over, a little pure water shall be added and in the whole again thoroughly mixed by raking proportions of two of ashes or sand and turning over, then sufficient water shall be added to bring one of Lime measured dry or otherwise as the whole, when again raked, turned overEngineer may direct, ground & mixed under rollers and thoroughly beatentempered with a proper quantity of pure fresh water, to a proper consistency; when placed on the work it tough paste. All mortar shall be carefully levelled and well pounded or tipped from a stage 10 feet highfreshly mixed as required for use, and brought up in layers not exceeding one foot none shall in thickness, the whole to any case be levelled off used after it has been permitted to a uniform level surface before the brick dry or stone work is begunpartially set.
Portland Cement|-| ||style="text-align:center;" | '''Concrete'''|-| || The Concrete shall be composed of clean gravel or broken Stone (which will pass through a ring one inch and a half diameter) clean sharp Sand and Lime in the proportions of six parts gravel and one part fresh burnt Lime of the specified quality, or three parts broken Stone, two parts Sand, and one part of Lime as above. The proportions shall be ascertained by measures to be provided by the Contractor. These materials must be thoroughly mixed by being well raked together, and after having been turned over, a little pure water shall be added and the whole again thoroughly mixed by raking and turning over, then sufficient water shall be added to bring the whole, when again raked, turned over, and thoroughly beaten, to a proper consistency; when placed on the work it shall be carefully levelled and well pounded or tipped from a stage 10 feet high, and brought up in layers not exceeding one foot in thickness, the whole to be levelled off to a uniform level surface before the brick or stone work is begun.
|-| ||style="text-align:center;" | '''Portland Cement'''|-| || Shall be of the best quality and approved by the Engineer, mixed with an equal proportion of clean sharp sand, and used fresh and at the first mixing. Softening or retempering will in no case be allowed.
|-| ||style="text-align:center;" | '''Grout'''|-| || Shall be made by diluting the mortar or cement until it is of such consistency as will allow of its grouting & effectually penetrating in the whole of the work.
|-| ||style="text-align:center;" | '''Asphalte'''|-| || All abutments, arches, spandrils, culverts and bridges shall be covered with asphalte of approved quality ¾ of an inch thick carefully put in place hot in two layers, & made perfectly watertight, the asphalte to be carried up to the height and form shown on the drawings.
All abutments, arches, spandrils, culverts and bridges shall be covered with asphalte of approved|-| ||style="text-align:center;" | '''Timber'''/3940Quality ¾ of an inch thick carefully put in place hot in two layers, & made perfectly watertight, the asphalte to be carried up to the height and form shown on the drawings. Timber|-| || All timber used in the Contract shall be the best of its’ kind, clean, straight sound & perfectly free from all shakes, sap unsound knots & every defect.
Should any timber be required for flooring or any other purposes it shall be of first class quality, sawn die square & where directed, planed, & it shall be thoroughly creosoted as the Engineer may direct.
All centring must be properly constructed the laggings for every arch will be required to be gauged to an uniform thickness, and the upper surface wrought to the true curvature of the arch, and approved by the Engineer.
All planed and wrought timber shall have four coats of best oil paint, the last coat to be of colour approved by the Engineer.
|-| ||style="text-align:center;" | '''Roads'''|-| || The surface of all roadways shall be properly formed and trimmed with an uniform curvature, having a good hard core of a sufficient thickness for it’s length and width.The metalling shall consist of a layer of Rowley rag or Clee hill Stone or other approved material of the thickness ordered. The ruts/4041shall be filled up from time to time withnew with new material and the whole surface kept smooth and free from water. the road shall in all cases shall be left in such a state that the persons or authorities interested in the same respectively will receive them under their charge.
The footpaths shall be uniformly formed and trimmed, coated with a layer of clean gravel or siftings 6 inches thick and the edge of the footpath shall be neatly finished off to the road with a sod ramp.
 |-|}{||-| style="width: 20%;" | || colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | '''The Schedule of Prices'''|-| || referred to in the annexed Specification and Tender. These prices to include all erections centering scaffolding backing excavation for foundations or Concrete scaffolding, pumping and all contingent works included in the Specification. |-| || || style="width: 10%;" | || style="width: 3%;" | £ || style="width: 3%;" | s || style="width: 3%;" | d|-| || Post and rail fence with quick set edge and ditch || per linear yard || - || 1 || 8 |-| || Excavation for line carried to embankment including soiling and sowing slopes & not being in close rock of any lead<ref group="note">"Lead" in this context refers to the distance between an excavation (typically a cutting or tunnel) and the point where the soil and rock is deposited (typically an embankment).</41ref> || per cubic yard || - || - || 10 |-| || Excavation as above but in close rock of any lead || style="text-align:center;" | " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " || - || 1 || 9 |-| || Excavation for tunnel carried to embankment and being almost entirely in close rock of any lead || style="text-align:center;" | " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " || - || 5 || - |-| || Excavation for road approaches River and Stream diversions & foundations carried to embankment || style="text-align:center;" | " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " || - || 1 || 6 |-| || Embankment for forming raised road approaches including soiling and sowing slopes || style="text-align:center;" | " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " || - || 1 || - |-| || Ballasting for Permanent Way || style="text-align:center;" | " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " || - || 1 || - |-| || Laying the Permanent Way || style="text-align:center;" | per linear yard || - || 1 || - |-| || Concrete in place || style="text-align:center;" | per cubic yard || - || 7 || - |-| || Coursed rubble including hammer dressed quions &c || style="text-align:center;" | " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " || - || 10 || 6 |-| || Brickwork including centering for arches || style="text-align:center;" | " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " || 1 || 1 || - |-| || Brick lining to tunnel || style="text-align:center;" | " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " || 1 || 5 || - |-| || Ashlar in arch quions string copings &c || style="text-align:center;" | per cubic foot || - || 2 || 6 |-| || Blue brick coping set in Cement 14 ins wide || style="text-align:center;" | per linear yard || - || 3 || - |-| || Timber in sheet piling wales &c shod & driver<ref group="note">"Wales" are horizontal timber used to reinforce the piling. "Shod & driver" refers to metal end caps on the pilings to stop them splitting as they are driven in.</ref> || style="text-align:center;" | per cubic foot || - || 4 || - |-| || Dry stone pitching 8" thick || style="text-align:center;" | per sup. yard || - || 3 || - |-| || Asphalte 3/4" thick || style="text-align:center;" | " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; " || - || 3 || 6 |-| || Metalling roads || style="text-align:center;" | per cubic yard || - || 3 || - |-| || Drain pipes (glazed) 12 ins diam. || style="text-align:center;" | per linear yard || - || 3 || - |-|}{||-| style="width: 20%;" | ||style="text-align:center;" |'''Tender'''|-| || I Charles Dickinson of 117 Brixton Road London Contractor hereby undertake to provide all the materials and labor and to execute all the work required for the construction and entire completion (except the providing of the Permanent Way materials) of the Bewdley and Kidderminster Branch of the Great Western Railway referred to in the annexed Specification and according to all the requirements and upon the terms and conditions of the said Specification and within the period therein named and for the gross sum of £ Thirty nine thousand eight hundred pounds.And I agree to the prices contained in the foregoing Schedule of Prices as those by which the value of any increase or diminution of the Contract Work is to be ascertained for the purpose of payment or deduction and generally as the prices to be used in the manner stated in the Specification. And I also undertake to execute a Contract Deed to this effect and to enter into a Bond myself and to provide two good and satisfactory Sureties severally and to the joint amount of £6000 conditioned for the due completion of the Contract according to the Specification. 
|-
|}
</div>
 
==Notes==
<references group="note"/>
 
==See also==
*[[Kidderminster Loop Line]]
*[[Railway Navvies of the SVR]]
 
==References==
<references/>
 
==Links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(engineer) Edward Wilson on Wikipedia]
 
[[Category:The Severn Valley Railway under GWR/BR ownership]]

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