Kidderminster Loop Line
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Between Kidderminster and Bewdley the present day SVR runs over the Kidderminster Loop Line, built by the GWR some 16 years after the opening of the original Severn Valley Railway. The loop line served both the Severn Valley Branch from Shrewsbury and the Tenbury Branch from Woofferton (formed by the Tenbury Railway and the Tenbury and Bewdley Railway). It provided a connection to Birmingham and the West Midlands without the need for a reversal at Hartlebury.
Planning for the Loop had begun in 1860, before any of these railways opened. However it would be 18 years before the Loop was completed. A feature of the Loop was that although the GWR (and earlier companies absorbed by it) would be responsible for construction, its rival the LNWR would probably gain more benefit from it through its running powers over the Tenbury Branch, via which it would generate traffic between South Wales and the West Midlands. This may explain the GWR’s apparent ambivalence towards completing the Loop.
This article gives a history of the Loop's construction and subsequent changes on the route. For context, milestone dates during this period for the railways concerned were as follows:
Severn Valley Railway:
- February 1862: Opened between Shrewsbury and Hartlebury, operated by the West Midland Railway (WMR).
- August 1863: WMR absorbed into the GWR.
Tenbury Railway:
- August 1861: Opened between Woofferton and Tenbury, operated by the S&HR.
- July 1862: S&HR jointly leased by the LNWR, the GWR and the WMR). Working of traffic on the Tenbury Railway taken over by the LNWR.
- 1866: Tenbury Railway became joint GWR and LNWR.
Tenbury and Bewdley Railway:
- August 1864: Tenbury and Bewdley Railway opened between the two named towns, operated from opening by the GWR.
Contents
The construction of the Loop and alternative proposals
1860
The first plans for the Loop were prepared by Edward Wilson, Engineer of the OW&W. The route was broadly similar to that eventually built, but with a shorter tunnel of only 400 yards[1].
1861
The West Midland and Severn Valley Companies Act incorporating Wilson's plan was approved on 1 August 1861. The Loop was to form part of the Severn Valley Railway, and was to be completed within 4 years, after which the powers would end. The Severn Valley Railway was also granted powers to raise an additional £60,000 capital for the estimated cost, and £20,000 of additional borrowing facilities. A deposit of £4,800 (8% of the cost) was lodged with the Court of Chancery. However the construction of the Severn Valley Railway itself was still in progress and suffering delays from landslips, while the Tenbury Branch was also several years away from completion, and therefore no further work on the Loop was undertaken.[1].
1863
A wide-ranging agreement was reached between the LNWR and the GWR/WMR on 17 March 1863. For the GWR, this ensured that the LNWR would not oppose their forthcoming absorption of the WMR, as well as gaining access to Manchester. Among the benefits to the LNWR were obtaining running powers over the Tenbury and Bewdley Railway, the WMR line from Bewdley to Stourbridge (via Hartlebury) and thence via the Stourbridge Railway to Smethwick. The agreement also referred to the GWR/WMR constructing "...the authorized curve at Bewdley on or before 1st July 1865.", presumably referring to the Loop[2].
Responsibility for the 1861 Act passed from the WMR to the GWR, who discussed it at a Board meeting on 1 October 1863. Edward Wilson was instructed to prepare a plan and section and submit an estimate, although he had already done this for the 1861 Act. On 9 September Wilson wrote to the Board informing them that the cost of the single line branch would be £57,000 and that he was preparing (another?) plan and section[1].
1864
The GWR Board adopted a recommendation to proceed with the loop on 21 January. On 28 April they were advised that the powers for purchasing the land would shortly expire and the £4,800 deposit would be forfeit if the railway was not built. On 24 November Wilson wrote to the Board with a revised estimate of £55,133, and on 8 December the Board authorised the Chairman to proceed[3].
1865
During the mid to late 1860s, the GWR was in a period of financial constraint and did not consider the loop a priority. Despite the Board's authorisation the year before, work had not begun when the powers of construction expired in 1865[4].
1867
In 1867 a new plan for the loop was prepared by Michael Lane, Chief Civil Engineer of the GWR for submission to Parliament in 1868. His plan was broadly similar to Edward Wilson's, although with different gradients and a longer tunnel of 484 yards. The preamble to the Bill sought '...to extend the time and revive the powers' of the 1861 Act.
1868
Powers for construction of the Loop were renewed under the GWR Act of 31 July 1868. The same Act also authorised construction of the Stourbridge Town branch. The £4,800 deposit was to be used in the construction of the Loop. Completion was to be within 5 years with a penalty of £50 per day for any delay in completion after that time. These powers would end after 5 years[4][5].
1872
The GWR had showed no appetite for beginning construction, but had applied the year before for a 3 year extension in the powers which was granted by the GWR Act of 18 July 1872.
At around the same time, pressure from local industries led to the GWR proposing the construction of a railway between Bewdley and Stourbridge instead of the Loop to Kidderminster. The new plans were prepared by GWR Engineers W.G. Owen and Edward Wilson; the route would take the new railway from the Stourbridge Town branch via Kinver, Cookley and Wolverley to join the SVR at Sandbourne Viaduct. The cost of this line was estimated at £211,000, more than 3 times the cost of the Loop[5].
1873
The Bill for the GWR's alternative railway was examined by Parliament. It was opposed by the LNWR, and also by Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal which saw the railway as a threat to its own traffic. The Bill was eventually thrown out, and the GWR ordered to complete the Loop as originally authorised.
The GWR’s attitude to the decision can be gauged from a speech to shareholders later that year by Daniel Gooch, the GWR Chairman. He regretted the decision and described the loop as a ‘useless curve’ which they did not want and were now compelled to build[5].
1874
A Bill was brought to Parliament for a new railway, the West Staffordshire Railway, linking Wolverhampton to the Tenbury and Bewdley Railway. The plans, prepared by Engineer William Henry Thomas, showed a line leaving the LNWR route south of Wolverhampton High Level and proceeding via Kingswinford, west of Stourbridge, Wolverley and west of Kidderminster to join the Tenbury and Bewdley Railway at Dowles Bridge via a tunnel under the Severn Valley Railway. A branch would also have connected onto the Severn Valley Railway north of Wribbenhall Viaduct. This project had the backing of the LNWR, and was supported by local businesses and by Bewdley Council who were openly critical of the GWR's delay in constructing the loop.
The GWR had belatedly begun to take steps to make progress with the Loop, probably in response to the appearance of this proposal from their rival. They had also applied for a further extension in completing the Loop. During the Parliamentary Review, the GWR joined with the canal companies in opposing the West Staffordshire Railway, and despite strong support from local businesses the Bill was eventually thrown out.
- Main article: Loop Line specification and contract
The GWR issued a specification of the work to be carried out in September. On 7 October they accepted a tender of £39,800 from Charles Dickinson. The contract for completion of the Loop, dated 28 November, was sealed on 3 December[6]. It was referred to as the Bewdley and Kidderminster Branch. Newspaper reports subsequently referred to the Contractors variously as Messrs. Dickinson and Crockett[7] or Messrs. Crockkett and Dickinson[8].
Front cover of the specification
1875
Construction of the Loop began in the Spring of 1875. A report in the Kidderminster Times noted that the Loop would be a single line,[note 1] and optimistically gave a 12-month completion date.
On 31 May Dickinson wrote to the GWR explaining his difficulty in obtaining stone for the piers of Falling Sands Viaduct and requesting the difference in price for it to be built entirely of brick, to which the GWR agreed.[6]
The GWR Act of 19 July 1875 duly granted a further 2-year extension in accordance with the GWR's earlier request, with a revised deadline for completion of 18 July 1877.
1877
By March 1877 the GWR was able to report that the tunnel, viaducts and bridges were almost complete, although adverse weather had caused delays with the cutting east of the tunnel. However they made no further application for an extension to the July deadline for completion.
A report in the Kidderminster Shuttle in October 1877 stated that the line was almost complete apart from signals. The report also noted that Bessemer steel rails had been used, a relatively new development which had only recently begun to replace cast iron rails.
1878
Construction of the Loop was completed in March 1878. Following an inspection on 22 March, the Board of Trade expressed general satisfaction with the work but required two changes to be made. These involved installing regular points rather than crossing points on the approach to Bewdley, and installing a footbridge at Bewdley to give passenger access to platforms 2 and 3.
A further Board of Trade inspection on 29 May authorised the opening of The Loop, and the first public services began on 1 June.
An interesting consequence of the opening of the Loop Line was that the Up and Down directions on the Tenbury Branch were reversed; Bewdley to Tenbury becoming Up.[9]
Mileages
- Main article: Gradient profile and mileages
The Loop is exactly 3 miles in length, measured from the reversal point (135m 21ch) just north of Kidderminster Junction (135m 33ch) to Bewdley Junction South (138m 21ch) where it joins the original Severn Valley Branch on the approach to Bewdley. The original specification quoted mileages measured from Bewdley South junction towards Kidderminster. The locations of mileposts shown on OS maps revised up to 1901 suggest this method of measurement was originally adopted, with the 1926 revision using the current arrangement.
History after opening
- Main article: Timetables in commercial service
On opening in 1878, there were no intermediate stations or sidings between the junctions at Kidderminster and Bewdley. The route has not significantly changed and is still in use as part of the preserved SVR. Major features on the route include Falling Sands Viaduct, crossing the Staffordshire & Worcestershire Canal and the River Stour; the 480 yard long Bewdley Tunnel; and Sandbourne Viaduct, on the approach to Bewdley.
From opening until 1900, timetables show that all services to and from Kidderminster via the Loop connected with the Tenbury Branch. In 1900, for the first time, one of the daily southbound services from Shrewsbury went to Kidderminster rather than Hartlebury / Worcester.
Two intermediate halts were opened on the Loop in the early part of the 20th century:
- Foley Park Halt opened on 2 January 1905, and remained in use until the end of passenger services in January 1970.
- Rifle Range Halt first appeared in Bradshaw in October 1907, coinciding with the introduction of a steam rail-motor service. It closed on 4 October 1920.
In 1905 the GWR introduced local services at the south end of the line. These would operate throughout the day around the triangle formed by Kidderminster, Bewdley and Hartlebury, occasionally going to Highley (providing a service for miners working there) and as far as Bridgnorth.[10]. Sometimes nicknamed 'The Bewdley Banjo',[11] the service was mainly provided by steam railmotors until around 1918, by auto-coaches until the early 1940s, and thereafter by diesel railcars.
Foley Park sidings were opened in 1925, serving the British Sugar Corporation and Smethwick Drop Forgings.
Following the end of passenger services beyond Bewdley to Tenbury in 1962 and to Shrewsbury in 1963, passenger services continued to run on the Loop as part of the Kidderminster-Bewdley-Hartlebury triangle until finally ending on 5 January 1970.
In December 1972 Sir Gerald Nabarro announced on behalf of the Board that the Southern section of the line from Alveley Sidings to Bewdley, including part of the Loop as far as Foley Park, had been purchased from BR subject to Light Railway Orders being granted. The final short section of the Loop between Kidderminster Junction and Foley Park Sidings remained in use for goods services.
Foley Park Sidings finally closed on 25 October 1982, allowing the remainder of the line beyond Foley Park to be purchased by the preservation movement, with the line re-opening throughout on 30 July 1984, serving the new Kidderminster Town Station.
See also
Notes
- ↑ The Loop, like the Severn Valley Branch, was laid out with bridges wide enough for a double track formation, but in both cases the tunnels were only wide enough for single track.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Marshall (1989) pp. 54, 58.
- ↑ Letter from J.E. Norris in SVR News 71
- ↑ Marshall (1989) p. 60.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Marshall (1989) p. 62.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "The Bewdley-Kidderminster Loop Line", article by John Marshall in SVR News 69
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Marshall (1989) pp. 81-82.
- ↑ Worcester Journal, 28 April 1877
- ↑ County Advertiser & Herald for Staffordshire and Worcestershire, 1 September 1877
- ↑ Maggs (2009), p. 143.
- ↑ Rail Centres: Shrewsbury, Richard K. Morriss (1986) p35
- ↑ Turley (2005), p35